General Assembly party loyalty rankings.

I’ve been working on metrics by which to measure the ideological positions of members of the General Assembly for Richmond Sunlight. Over the past few weeks I’ve been working on a ranking metric to determine how closely that legislators hew to the party line in their voting behavior. Below is just such a ranking, which I’ll follow with an explanation of how it was arrived at.

House Loyalty
Name Party Loyalty
Griffith, Morgan R 100
Landes, Steve R 34
Hogan, Clarke R 33
Reid, Jack R 30
Frederick, Jeff R 29
Dudley, Allen R 29
Nixon, Sam R 28
Cline, Ben R 28
Nutter, Dave R 26
Athey, Clay R 25
Kilgore, Terry R 24
Ware, Lee R 24
Cox, Kirk R 24
Wright, Tom R 23
Fralin, Bill R 23
Lingamfelter, Scott R 23
Scott, Ed R 23
Cole, Mark R 22
Byron, Kathy R 21
Rapp, Melanie R 20
Janis, Bill R 20
Sherwood, Beverly R 19
Hurt, Bob R 19
Gilbert, Todd R 19
Welch, John R 18
Saxman, Chris R 18
Bell, Rob R 17
Peace, Chris R 17
Wardrup, Leo R 16
Hugo, Tim R 16
Iaquinto, Sal R 16
McQuigg, Michele R 15
Putney, Lacey I 15
Marshall, Bob R 14
Suit, Terrie R 14
Carrico, Bill R 13
Orrock, Bobby R 12
Jones, Chris R 10
Abbitt, Watkins I 10
Oder, Glenn R 9
Marshall, Danny R 9
Morgan, Harvey R 9
Miller, Jackson R 9
Lohr, Matt R 9
Gear, Tom R 9
O\’Bannon, John R 8
Wittman, Rob R 8
Cosgrove, John R 8
Crockett-Stark, Anne R 7
Hamilton, Phil R 6
May, Joe R 5
Tata, Robert R 5
Hargrove, Frank R 5
Howell, Bill R 4
Purkey, Harry R 4
Rust, Tom R 4
Albo, Dave R 4
Ingram, Riley R 3
Callahan, Vince R -3
Johnson, Joseph D -19
Howell, Algie D -20
Phillips, Bud D -20
Ware, Onzlee D -23
Waddell, Katherine I -25
Joannou, Johnny D -25
Dance, Rosalyn D -28
Miller, Paula D -30
Bowling, Danny D -34
BaCote, Mamye D -36
Spruill, Lionell D -37
Alexander, Kenny D -40
Bulova, David D -43
Valentine, Shannon D -43
Poisson, David D -44
Melvin, Ken D -44
Armstrong, Ward D -45
Barlow, William D -46
Lewis, Lynwood D -47
Hull, Bob D -47
Shuler, Jim D -48
Jones, Dwight D -49
Ward, Jeion D -50
Brink, Bob D -51
Tyler, Roslyn D -52
Scott, Jim D -53
Watts, Vivian D -55
Caputo, Chuck D -55
Hall, Franklin P. D -57
Toscano, David D -58
Shannon, Steve D -58
Eisenberg, Al D -58
Marsden, Dave D -59
McEachin, Don D -60
McClellan, Jennifer D -60
Amundson, Kris D -61
Plum, Ken D -62
Sickles, Mark D -64
Englin, David D -65
Ebbin, Adam D -70
Moran, Brian D -100
Senate Loyalty
Name Party Loyalty
Stosch, Walter R 100
McDougle, Ryan R 81
O’Brien, Jay R 78
Obenshain, Mark R 73
Ruff, Frank R 71
Bell, Brandon R 71
Wagner, Frank R 71
Cuccinelli, Ken R 71
Newman, Steve R 68
Hanger, Emmett R 67
Williams, Martin R 67
Rerras, Nick R 66
Norment, Thomas R 64
Stolle, Ken R 58
Davis, Jeannemarie Devolites R 51
Martin, Stephen R 43
Blevins, Harry R 43
Reynolds, Roscoe D 42
Watkins, John R 39
Puckett, Phil D 35
Wampler, William R 27
Lambert, Benny D 27
Herring, Mark D 21
Deeds, Creigh D 19
Quayle, Fred R 15
Miller, Yvonne D 13
Lucas, Louise D 13
Marsh, Henry D 8
Chichester, John R 4
Potts, Russ R -3
Edwards, John D -3
Howell, Janet D -7
Hawkins, Charles R -8
Houck, Edd D -10
Colgan, Chuck D -46
Whipple, Mary Margaret D -55
Ticer, Patsy D -57
Puller, Toddy D -58
Locke, Mamie D -62
Saslaw, Dick D -100

What I’ve done here is determine the percentage of the time that each legislator has voted the same way as the guy in charge of keeping each party in line in each chamber — Dick Saslaw and Walter Stosch in the Senate, Brian Moran and Morgan Griffith in the House. The only bills that are widely voted on, allowing comparison, are those bills that make it to the floor. And the overwhelming majority of those pass. Brian Moran, for instance, cast 1,683 votes that were also cast by Morgan Griffith. They voted the same way 1,443 times, or 86% of the time. Comparing Moran and former minority leader Frank Hall (he was ousted by Ward Armstrong mid-session) shows that they voted the same way 1,540 out of 1,682 times, or 92% of the time. There’s just 97 separating Hall and Griffith, which is a pretty tight gradient. The percentage difference between each legislator and Griffith is divided by the percentage difference between the legislator and Moran, leaving us with a tiny number, substantially within the range of -0.15 and + 0.15. Again, that’s a tiny gradient.

So I’ve expanded that gradient, re-calibrating on a -100 to +100 scale, which doesn’t exaggerate the difference, just displays it on a scale more meaningful to most people. That number, listed above as “loyalty,” doesn’t measure 100 of any item — it’s an arbitrary measurement along a continuous gradient. We’re left not with an ideological scale, but a measure of party loyalty, using the artificial construct of making one guy the paragon of party loyalty.

This isn’t a metric that I’m displayin on Richmond Sunlight just yet, because I’m not convinced that it’s the best measure of party loyalty available, at least given the data and tools available to me. I’d certainly love to hear suggestions about how to improve this metric to make it more useful, as well as criticisms of how accurate the above listings seem to be.

Published by Waldo Jaquith

Waldo Jaquith (JAKE-with) is an open government technologist who lives near Char­lottes­­ville, VA, USA. more »

17 replies on “General Assembly party loyalty rankings.”

  1. I like the Senate one a lot. In the House, I would use Speaker Howell instead of Griffith. Griffith has a libertarian streak that a lot of Republicans do not have- and I could be wrong on this, but I bet you would find a lot more votes where Howell and Moran differed than votes where Griffith and Moran differed.

  2. Or if not more votes, better votes to judge by. That the 2nd place Republican shows a 34 probably shows a little problem with comparing to Griffith.

  3. It’s not clear to me whether the House Republican numbers indicate a) generally poor party loyalty in the House b) that Griffith doesn’t do a very good job c) that I should choose a different person to define the party standard or d) all of the above.

  4. How interesting to see that Putney and Abbitt, as Independents, vote with the Republicans a lot. I would have guessed as much, but didn’t know for sure.

    Why does someone declare themselves to be independent if they vote with one side or another most of time?

  5. It would be interesting to see a wheel graph, or something like it, to determine the ‘temperature’ of each of the legislators.

    For instance, Watkins Abbitt votes with Republicans more than 20 R’s in this chart.

    Do you see what I am getting at here?

    Timelines sound like what I am thinking of, but more about party ID, not so much time.

  6. The benefit of the approach that you describe, Mark, is that it makes it possible to bury the vagaries of this somewhat, lest somebody try to do something absolute with the numbers. I’d be relatively confident taking these numbers here now, shaving off the top and bottom person from each chart (the people from whom we establish the extremes), recalibrating with that new range, and showing an little graph where I just mark a spot, from left to right, indicating approximately where this legislator sits.

  7. As I see it, recalibrating both House and Senate scales to 100 make them incomparable to each other, right?

    It might be more complicated, but shouldn’t we measure party loyalty by consensus of the party instead of the vote of their majority leader (although I find nothing wrong with everyone listening to Brian Moran more often)?

  8. I agree this is an interesting analysis. But a word or two of caution. Neither Griffith nor Stosch are “in charge” in practical terms of their party votes — and the same goes for Moran and Saslaw. In fact, there are very few “party line” or “caucus line” votes and those tend to be measured by a handful or two each session.

    More useful might be an analysis of vote clusters, using maybe some form of regression analysis to group legislators into blocks. It’s only a hypothesis, but I suspect it would show a couple of blocks of a third to 40% in each house that vote together the vast majority of the time and a “middle” that might be bigger in the Senate than the House.

  9. I think a better measure might be judging votes where half of the Republicans voted against half of the Democrats and then seeing how often each member was with her party on such votes.

  10. As I see it, recalibrating both House and Senate scales to 100 make them incomparable to each other, right?

    That’s quite right.

    It might be more complicated, but shouldn’t we measure party loyalty by consensus of the party instead of the vote of their majority leader (although I find nothing wrong with everyone listening to Brian Moran more often)?

    That would absolutely be better, but I’ve had little luck with properly incorporating statistical data packages into the MySQL/PHP setup to calculate such things. I regard this current step as interim, since I’m just not getting anywhere with a more detailed analytical process.

    I think a better measure might be judging votes where half of the Republicans voted against half of the Democrats and then seeing how often each member was with her party on such votes.

    Party line floor votes, as Observer points out, are just really rare. There aren’t enough of them to do any sort of meaningful calculation based on them.

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